The Complete Guide to Keeping African Giant Millipedes

African Giant Millipedes (Archispirostreptus gigas) are among the largest and most impressive terrestrial invertebrates available in the hobby. Known for their slow movements, glossy segmented bodies, and peaceful nature, they are a popular choice for keepers seeking a low-maintenance yet fascinating species.

Native to tropical regions of East Africa, these millipedes thrive in warm, humid environments rich in decaying organic matter. When properly cared for, they are hardy, long-lived, and highly rewarding to observe.

What Are African Giant Millipedes?

African Giant Millipedes are detritivores, meaning they feed primarily on decomposing plant material. Despite their many legs (often 200–400), they move slowly and deliberately, making them easy to observe.

They are:

• Large: Can reach 20–30 cm in length
• Terrestrial: Ground-dwelling burrowers
• Docile: Non-aggressive and easy to manage
• Nocturnal: Most active during the evening

When threatened, they may curl into a spiral and secrete a mild defensive fluid.

Enclosure Requirements

Tank Size

African Giant Millipedes require more floor space than height.

• Single adult: Minimum 30 x 30 cm enclosure
• Pairs or groups: Larger enclosures recommended

A good rule is at least twice the length of the millipede in floor space.

Enclosure Type

A simple, well-ventilated enclosure works well.

Suitable options include:

• Glass terrariums
• Plastic tubs with ventilation holes
• Acrylic enclosures

Ensure the enclosure has a secure lid, as millipedes can climb surprisingly well.

Substrate

Substrate is the most important aspect of their care.

It should be:

• Deep: At least 10–15 cm
• Moist (not waterlogged)
• Rich in organic material

Recommended mix:

• Coco fibre
• Decayed hardwood leaves
• Rotting wood (white, soft, pesticide-free)
• Topsoil (chemical-free)

The substrate also serves as their primary food source, so it must be replenished regularly.

Temperature and Humidity

As tropical invertebrates, they require warmth and humidity.

• Temperature: 22–26°C
• Humidity: 70–80%

Maintain humidity by misting regularly and keeping part of the substrate damp. Good ventilation is essential to prevent mould.

Lighting

No special lighting is required.

• Ambient room light is sufficient
• Avoid direct sunlight

They prefer darker conditions and will often remain hidden during the day.

Decor and Enrichment

Provide a naturalistic setup that encourages burrowing and exploration.

Include:

• Leaf litter across the surface
• Pieces of cork bark or rotting wood
• Moss for moisture retention

Avoid sharp or heavy objects that could collapse or injure burrowing millipedes.

Diet and Feeding

African Giant Millipedes are detritivores and require a diet rich in decomposing plant matter.

Staple Diet:

• Decaying leaves
• Rotting hardwood
• Organic substrate

Supplemental Foods:

• Cucumber
• Courgette
• Carrot
• Sweet potato
• Occasional fruit (e.g. apple, banana)

Calcium Source:

• Cuttlebone
• Crushed eggshells

Feed fresh food 2–3 times per week and remove uneaten portions before they spoil.

Avoid:

• Citrus fruits
• Processed or salted foods
• Anything treated with pesticides

Behaviour and Temperament

African Giant Millipedes are extremely calm and non-aggressive.

Typical behaviour:

• Slow, continuous movement
• Burrowing into substrate
• Surface activity at night

When disturbed, they may:

• Curl into a tight spiral
• Secrete a defensive fluid

This secretion can cause mild skin or eye irritation, so hands should be washed after handling.

Handling

These millipedes can be handled gently, though it should be done sparingly.

Handling tips:

• Support their entire body
• Avoid pulling or grabbing
• Handle close to a surface to prevent injury from falls

Always wash hands after handling, and avoid touching your face.

Moulting and Growth

Millipedes grow by moulting and may spend extended periods underground.

During moulting:

• They remain buried
• Do not disturb the substrate
• Increased humidity is beneficial

Frequent disturbances can lead to failed moults, which are often fatal.

Breeding

Breeding can occur in captivity under the right conditions.

• Eggs are laid in the substrate
• Juveniles are tiny and remain hidden
• Growth is slow and requires stable conditions

A deep, nutrient-rich substrate is essential for successful breeding.

Common Health Issues

African Giant Millipedes are generally hardy, but issues can arise.

Watch for:

• Desiccation (dry, shrivelled appearance)
• Lethargy
• Surface inactivity combined with dryness
• Mites (often harmless, but excessive numbers may indicate poor conditions)

Most problems stem from incorrect humidity or poor substrate quality.

Lifespan and General Care

• Lifespan: 7–10 years in captivity
• Activity: Mostly nocturnal
• Maintenance: Regular misting, substrate upkeep, and feeding

They are low-maintenance compared to many exotic pets but still require consistent care.

Tank Mates

African Giant Millipedes can be kept with their own species.

Possible companions:

• Other millipedes (similar size)
• Some isopods (with caution)

Avoid:

• Predatory species
• Animals that may disturb or injure them

Overcrowding should be avoided to reduce stress and competition.

Conclusion

African Giant Millipedes are gentle, fascinating invertebrates that make excellent display animals for both beginners and experienced keepers. Their size, calm nature, and unique ecological role as decomposers make them a standout species in the invertebrate hobby.

With the right substrate, consistent humidity, and a steady supply of organic material, these millipedes can thrive for many years. For those seeking a peaceful, low-interaction species with plenty of natural behaviour to observe, the African Giant Millipede is an outstanding choice.