How Long Do Chickens Live?

If you’re thinking about keeping chickens, or already have a flock, it’s completely natural to wonder how long chickens live. While chickens are often thought of as short-lived animals, their lifespan can actually be quite long when they are well cared for. How long a chicken lives depends on several factors, including breed, purpose, environment and overall management.

This guide explains everything chicken owners need to know about chicken lifespan, what affects it, and how to help your chickens live long, healthy lives.

Average Lifespan of a Chicken

On average, a well-cared-for domestic chicken lives 5 to 10 years.

However, this is only an average. Some chickens live much longer, while others may have shorter lives depending on their circumstances.

• Commercial laying hens may only live 1–3 years
• Back-garden and pet chickens commonly live 6–10 years
• Well-managed heritage breeds can reach 10–12 years or more

There are documented cases of chickens living into their teens, although this is uncommon.

What Affects How Long Chickens Live?

Several key factors influence a chicken’s lifespan.

Breed and Genetics

Breed plays a significant role in longevity.

Long-Lived Breeds

Heritage and traditional breeds tend to live longer:

• Sussex
• Orpingtons
• Wyandottes
• Plymouth Rocks
• Brahmas
• Leghorns

These breeds were developed for durability rather than maximum production.

Shorter-Lived Breeds

Chickens bred for high egg output often have shorter lives:

• Commercial hybrids
• High-production layers (e.g. ISA Browns, Lohmann Browns)

These birds put enormous strain on their bodies by laying almost daily.

Purpose: Pet vs Production

Chickens kept as pets generally live much longer than those kept solely for production.

• Egg-laying hens are biologically stressed by constant laying
• Meat birds are bred to grow rapidly and rarely live beyond a few months
• Pet chickens experience less stress and live longer

Stopping or reducing egg laying in later life often improves longevity.

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet is essential for a long life.

Chickens need:

• Complete layers or growers feed
• Adequate protein
• Calcium for bone and egg health
• Vitamins and minerals
• Fresh water at all times

Poor nutrition can lead to:

• Weak bones
• Egg binding
• Organ failure
• Shortened lifespan

Excess treats or scraps can also reduce lifespan.

Housing and Environment

Safe, clean housing dramatically affects longevity.

Key Housing Factors

• Predator-proof coop and run
• Dry, draught-free housing
• Good ventilation
• Clean bedding
• Sufficient space

Stress, overcrowding and damp conditions shorten lives significantly.

Predators and Safety

Predation is one of the most common causes of early death in chickens.

Common UK predators include:

• Foxes
• Rats
• Dogs
• Birds of prey

Secure fencing, covered runs and good coop design are essential.

Health Care and Disease

Chickens with access to basic health care live longer.

Important factors include:

• Regular health checks
• Prompt treatment of illness
• Parasite control (mites, lice, worms)
• Clean living conditions

Many illnesses become fatal simply because they go unnoticed.

How Long Do Laying Hens Live?

Laying hens can live many years beyond their productive egg-laying period.

Egg Production vs Lifespan

• Most hens lay well for 2–3 years
• Egg numbers then decline
• Many hens stop laying altogether later in life

A hen that stops laying can still live happily for several more years.

How Long Do Roosters Live?

Roosters often live as long as or longer than hens, typically 6–10 years.

Reasons include:

• No physical stress from egg laying
• Often stronger bone density
• Lower reproductive strain

However, roosters are more prone to conflict and injury if housed incorrectly.

How Long Do Chickens Live by Breed Type?

Heritage and Traditional Breeds

• 7–12 years is common with good care

Commercial Hybrids

• 3–6 years, sometimes longer with excellent care

Meat Breeds

• 8–12 weeks (if raised for meat)
• If kept longer, many suffer severe health issues

Signs a Chicken Is Ageing

As chickens get older, you may notice:

• Reduced egg laying
• Grey or dull feathers
• Slower movement
• Weight loss or gain
• Arthritis or stiff joints
• Reduced vision

Ageing chickens can still enjoy an excellent quality of life.

How to Help Chickens Live Longer

Owners can significantly extend their chickens’ lifespan with good care.

Provide a High-Quality Diet

• Use age-appropriate feed
• Reduce calcium once laying stops
• Avoid excessive treats

Maintain Good Housing

• Keep bedding dry and clean
• Improve access for older birds
• Use low roosts for ageing chickens

Reduce Stress

• Stable flock structure
• Adequate space
• Protection from extreme weather

Monitor Health Closely

• Watch for subtle changes
• Treat parasites promptly
• Isolate sick birds early

Adjust Care for Older Chickens

• Softer food options
• Easier access to food and water
• Extra warmth in winter

When Chickens Die Young

Unfortunately, not all chickens reach old age.

Common causes of early death include:

• Predators
• Illness
• Egg-laying complications
• Poor nutrition
• Accidents

Many of these risks can be reduced with proactive care.

Emotional Considerations for Owners

Chickens often become much-loved pets. Losing one can be upsetting, especially after many years.

It’s important to remember:

• Chickens can live full, happy lives
• Good care makes a significant difference
• Older chickens deserve comfort and dignity

Conclusion

Chickens typically live between 5 and 10 years, with many backyard chickens living well into old age when properly cared for. Breed choice, diet, housing, health care and safety all play a major role in how long a chicken lives.

While some chickens are bred for short, productive lives, pet and heritage chickens can be long-lived, rewarding companions. With attentive care and thoughtful management, owners can give their chickens the best chance of a long, healthy and happy life.